Determination of Potential Runoff Coefficient using Geographic Information System for a Small Basin in Balakayety Watershade, Kurdistan Region of Iraq
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25156/ptj.v10n2y2020.pp38-43Keywords:
Geographic information system, Land cover, Runoff coefficient, Slope map, Soil dataAbstract
Runoff coefficient is an index for losses in rainfall required in most hydrological models and water resources projects. Generally, in the Balakayety water shade in Kurdistan region of Iraq, no runoff data are available as almost basins are ungagged. The Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques and available data for a small basin in Balakayety watershed within the Erbil governorate (Kurdistan Region of Iraq) were used to estimate the coefficient of potential runoff coefficient (PRC). The estimated PRC will be then used to calculate the depth of runoff. The Satellite Imagery (Landsat 7 ETM+) for 2015 was procured to create land cover classes, the classifications accuracy equal to 88.4%, and the Kappa index is 83.7%. The slope map developed from the digital elevation model with 30 m resolution. The area’s hydrologic soil map is digitized from the Iraqi soil map. The inverse distance weighting method was used to interpolate the rainfall of the study area into the Arc GIS. It was found that the most study area covered by moderate to high (PRC) values ranged from 55% to 83%, and runoff depth values vary from 398.1 mm to 610.3 mm. The present study indicates that the integration of all obtained thematic maps into GIS provides a powerful tool for calculating the runoff coefficient for catchments lacks streamflow data which can result in flood/drought predictions that will be not accurate. These findings are helpful in identifying flood areas, selecting proper sites for water harvesting, and enhancing water resources management programs.
Downloads
References
Ahmad, I., V. Verma and M. K. Verma. 2015. Application of Curve Number Method for Estimation of Runoff Potential in GIS Environment. 2nd International Conference on Geological and Civil Engineering, Singapore. p16-20.
Beven, K. J. and M. J. Kirkby. 1979. A physically based, variable contributing area model of basin hydrology/Un modèle à base physique de zone d’appel variable de l’hydrologie du bassin versant. J. Hydrol. Sci. Bull. 24(1): 43-69.
Browne, F. X. 1990. Stormwater management. In: Corbitt, R. A., editor. Standard Handbook of Environmental Engineering. McGraw-Hill Companies, New York.
Buringh, P. 1960. Soils and Soil Conditions in Iraq. Ministry of Agriculture, Baghdad.
Chow, V. T., D. R. Maidment and L. W. Mays. 1988. Applied Hydrology. McGraw-Hill International, New York.
Cohen, J. 1960. A coefficient of agreement for nominal scales. Educ. Psychol. Meas. 20(1): 37-46.
Fetter, C. W. 1980. Applied Hydrogeology. Merill Publishers, Columbus, OH. p488.
Fouad, S. F. and V. K. Sissakian. 2015. Geological Map of Iraq, Scale 1: 1000 000, 2012. Iraqi Bull. Geol. Min. 11(1): 9-16.
Goel, M. K. 2011. Runoff coefficient. In: Encyclopedia of Snow, Ice and Glaciers. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht. p952-953.
Hameed, H. 2013. Water Harvesting in Erbil Governorate, Kurdistan Region, Iraq: Detection of Suitable Sites using GeographicInformation System and Remote Sensing. Student Thesis Series INES. Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
Kurdistan Regional Government. 2015. Ministry of Transport and Communications. General Meteorological Director, Erbil.
Liu, Y. B. and F. De Smedt. 2004. WetSpa Extension, a GISBased Hydrologic Model for Flood Prediction and Watershed Management. Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium. pe108.
Mahmoud, S. H. 2014. Investigation of rainfall-runoff modeling for Egypt by using remote sensing and GIS integration. Catena. 120: 111-121.
Mahmoud, S. H., F. S. Mohammad and A. A. Alazba. 2014. Determination of potential runoff coefficient for Al-Baha Region, Saudi Arabia using GIS. Arab. J. Geosci. 7(5): 2041-2057.
Maidment, D. R. 1993. Handbook of Hydrology. McGraw-Hill, New York. p397323.
Mallants, D. and J. Feyen. 1990. Quantitative and Qualitative Aspects of Surface and Groundwater Flow in Dutch. Vol. 2. Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium.
Nasiri, A. and H. Alipur. 2014. Determination the curve number catchment by using GIS and remote sensing. Int. J. Environ. Chem. Ecol. Geol. Geophys. Eng. 8(5): 342-345.
Natural Resources Conservation Service, United States Department of Agriculture. 2009. Hydrologic soil groups. In: National Engineering Handbook. Natural Resources Conservation Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC. p7-1.
Rwanga, S. S. and J. M. Ndambuki. 2017. Accuracy assessment of land use/land cover classification using remote sensing and GIS. Int. J. Geosci. 8(4): 611.
Shadeed, S. and M. Almasri. 2010. Application of GIS-based SCS-CN method in West Bank catchments, Palestine. Water Sci. Eng. 3(1): 1-13.
Sharma, S. K. 1986. Irrigation Engineering and Hydraulic Structures. S. Chand Publishing, New Delhi.
Sissakian, V. K. 2018. The minerals wealth in the Kurdistan Region, Iraq. UKH J. Sci. Eng. 2(2): 23-36.
United States Department of Agriculture. 1986. TR-55: Urban Hydrology for Small Watersheds. Technical Release. United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2020 Jehan M. Fattah Sheikh Suleimany
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License [CC BY-NC-ND 4.0] that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).