The Impact of Media Literacy on Child Education in Sulaimani Governorate: YouTube Channel as a Case Study

Abstract

To gain a deeper understanding of media literacy and its impact on children’s education in the Kurdistan Region, this study examines the messages conveyed by the YouTube channels Afarin and NRT3 Kids. These channels were selected due to their large number of viewers and the consistency of their Kurdish-language content, which made them the core case studies of this research. In terms of methodology, the study applied qualitative approaches, including in-depth interviews with educational and media experts, as well as content analysis of selected children’s songs broadcast on the channels. This was intended to highlight the different perspectives of participants and the various dimensions of the main messages conveyed through these songs. The findings reveal that although most participants emphasised the importance of media literacy, the level of awareness and understanding of its concepts in the Kurdistan Region remains at a very early stage. Moreover, the content of the children’s songs on both channels was found to be more focused on educational aspects rather than fostering critical thinking and developing media literacy skills. As a result, children were more likely to interact with the media content as passive receivers rather than active participants capable of evaluating and critically reflecting on the messages. In conclusion, the study found that the understanding of media literacy and its various dimensions in the Kurdistan Region is still limited. This has led both content producers and users to pay insufficient attention to integrating media literacy into children’s education. The research therefore recommends the development of comprehensive media education programs through coordinated efforts among families, educational institutions, media organisations, and the government. Such programs should be integrated into school curricula at different stages, from pre-school to university, as well as into family education plans in Kurdistan. This would contribute to raising a new generation that is capable of using diverse media correctly and dealing critically with the content of journalistic and media messages, not only as viewers, listeners, or readers, but also as informed and active participants.