Determination of Level of Serum Iron among Routine Iron Supplemented Pregnant Women Attending Private Clinic in Sulaimani City, Kurdistan-Iraq

Authors

  • Sardar M. Weli Department of Nursing, Technical College of Health, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region, Iraq https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4453-515X
  • Osama H. Shareef Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Technical College of Applied Sciences, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan Region, Iraq https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6859-4317
  • Syamand A. Qadir Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Technical College of Applied Sciences, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan Region, Iraq https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6498-2643

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.25156/ptj.v11n1y2021.pp76-79

Keywords:

Serum iron, Pregnant women, Supplementation, Trimester

Abstract

Iron deficiency, with or without anemia, is common in pregnant women and more than half of the anemia’s in the world are due to the deficiency of iron in the serum. The aims of this study were to determine the percentage and level of serum iron among iron supplemented pregnant women in different trimesters and in different age groups among supplemented pregnant women in Sulaimani city. This study was carried out in the private clinic in the Sulaimani city-Kurdistan Region of Iraq. The pregnant women were participated and enrolled between the first of December 2018 and first of December 2019. Two hundred and seventy-five healthy and iron supplemented pregnant women were selected randomly and the questionnaire form, which contains information about age of mothers and their gestational age, was filled and serum iron level was measured by COBAS C111 analyzer. The results of this study found that the percentage of iron deficiency among participants was high 33%, 45%, and 52.6 % in the first trimester in different age groups <25, 25–35, and above 35 years old, respectively. However, in the third trimesters decreased to 12.5%, 7.1%, and 3.7% in <25, 25–35, and above 35 years old, respectively. Regarding serum iron levels, the present study found that there were significant differences between ages 25 and 35 with age <25 years. However, there was no significant difference between first, second, and third trimesters. This study concludes that the percentage of iron deficiency among supplemented pregnant women was high compared to other cities or other countries. Pregnant women who their ages <25 are at risk of serum iron deficiency. On the other hand, pregnancy trimesters had no effects on the serum iron level among supplemented pregnant women.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abdul-Fatah, B. N., R. M. Murshid and T. E. Ahmed. 2018. Assessment of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and dietary pattern among pregnant women in Baghdad city, Iraq. J. Pharm. Sci. Res. 10(9): 2279-2284.

Aguree, S. and A. D. Gernand. 2019. Plasma volume expansion across healthy pregnancy : A systematic review and metaanalysis of longitudinal studies. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 19: 1-11.

Ajepe, A. A., K. Sharafadeen, O. Id, I. Sekumade, E. S. Daramola, M. O. Beke, O. Ijasan, O. F. Olowoselu and B. B. Afolabi. 2020. Prevalence and foetomaternal effects of iron deficiency anaemia among pregnant women in Lagos, Nigeria. PLoS One. 15(1): e0227965.

Alday, A., G. Giselle, L. Agahan, K. M. C. Africa, D. Marie, M. Jennifer, F. David, A. Cruz, E. Dyogi, R. Galutera, C. G. Gamboa, C. L. Hamada, M. G, Jaucian, T. L. Layugan, R. Rex, R. R. Samala, M. G. Santos, O. Segui, S. Seno, T. Y. Torres, H. L. Trinidad, M. T. Verano and M. Lean. 2015. A preliminary determination levels in normal filipino pregnant thansferrin of pregnancy women in the three thimesters. Acta Med. Philip.26(4): 120-126.

Allen, L. H. 1997. Pregnancy and iron deficiency : Unresolved issues. Nutr Rev. 55(4): 91-101.

Amah-Tariah, F. S., S. O. Ojeka and D. V. Dapper. 2011. Haematological values in pregnant women in Port Harcourt, Nigeria II: Serum iron and transferrin, total and unsaturated iron binding capacity and some red cell and platelet indices. Niger. J. Physiol. Sci. 26(2): 173-178.

De Sá, S. A., E. Willner, T. Aguiar, D. Pereira, V. R. de Souza, G. T. Boaventura and V. B. de Azeredo. 2015. Original/pediatría anemia in pregnancy : Impact on weight and in the development of anemia in newborn. Nutr. Hosp. 32(5): 2071-2079.

WHO. Guideline: Daily iron and folic acid supplementation in pregnant women. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2012.

Juul, S. E., J. Derman and M. Auerbach. 2019. Perinatal iron deficiency : Implications for mothers and infants. Neonatology. 115: 269-274.

Kumar, A., A. K. Rai, S. Basu, D. Dash and J. S. Singh. 2014. Cord Blood and Breast Milk Iron Status in maternal anemia. Pediatrics. 121(3): e673-e677.

Martins, S., S. Logan and G. Lee. 2009. Iron therapy for improving psychomotor development and cognitive function in children under the age of three with iron deficiency anaemia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013(6): CD001444.

Peña-Rosas, J. P. and F. E. Viteri. 2009. Effects and safety of preventive oral iron or iron + folic acid supplementation for women during pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 4: CD004736.

Razzak, A. and J. A. Shawi. 2018. Study the incidence and types of anemia in pregnant women in baghdad province. J. Univ. Anbar Pure Sci. 6(1): 3.

Terefe, B., A. Birhanu, P. Nigussie and A. Tsegaye. 2015. Effect of maternal iron deficiency anemia on the iron store of newborns in Ethiopia. Anemia. 2015: 8-11.

Tran, T. D., B. Biggs, T. Tran, J. A. Simpson, S. Hanieh, T. Dwyer and J. Fisher. 2013. Impact on infants’ cognitive development of antenatal exposure to iron deficiency disorder and common mental disorders. PLoS One. 8(9): 1-9.

Vanderjagt, D. J., H. S. Brock, G. S. Melah, A. U. El-Nafaty, M. J. Crossey and R. H. Glew. 2007. Nutritional factors associated with anaemia in pregnant women in Northern Nigeria. J. Health Popul. Nutr. 25(1): 75-81.

Yakoob, M. Y. and Z. A. Bhutta. 2011. Effect of routine iron supplementation with or without folic acid on anemia during pregnancy. BMC Public Health. 11(3): S21.

Downloads

Published

2021-06-30

How to Cite

Weli, S. M., Shareef, O. H., & Qadir, S. A. (2021). Determination of Level of Serum Iron among Routine Iron Supplemented Pregnant Women Attending Private Clinic in Sulaimani City, Kurdistan-Iraq. Polytechnic Journal, 11(1), 76-79. https://doi.org/10.25156/ptj.v11n1y2021.pp76-79

Issue

Vol. 11 No. 1 (2021):

Section

Research Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2021 Sardar M. Weli, Osama H. Shareef, Syamand A. Qadir

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License [CC BY-NC-ND 4.0] that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).